The Timeline - Books I–II (1428–1437)

Key events from Books One and Two, focused on Constantine's rise and the reshaping of the Morea.

⚠ Contains spoilers for Books I and II.

1428
October

The Awakening

Michael Jameston, a 55-year-old American book dealer, wakes up in the body of Constantine Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea, in Clermont Castle.

October

The Sale of Selymbria

To fund his industrial and military vision, Constantine decides to sell his ancestral holdings in Selymbria.

1429
February

The Triple Base Strategy

Constantine establishes a regional organization: Andravida (agriculture), Clermont (military/arsenal), and Glarentza (commerce/industry).

February

Heir to the Morea

Theodora (Creusa Tocco) reveals she is pregnant, providing hope for a dynastic succession.

March

Arrival of the Craftsmen

George Sphrantzes returns from Constantinople with 30 skilled artisans (blacksmiths, carpenters, masons) and funding to begin the industrial revolution.

May

The First Page of History

The Morea Publishing Company produces the first flawless page of printed text using a rudimentary movable-type press.

June

Succession in Epirus

Carlo I Tocco dies and is succeeded by Carlo II Tocco, shifting the political landscape in Western Greece.

September

The First Book Sale

The first 60 copies of the Latin Bible are sold to Venetian and Genoese traders for 30 gold ducats each, proving the printing press's economic potential.

Late

The Birth of Drakos

After initial failures, the first successful bronze field cannon, named Drakos, is cast and tested near Clermont.

Late in the year

The Tragedy of Glarentza

Constantine's wife, Theodora, and their child die during childbirth, a loss that hardens him at the root and gives his reforms their colder edge.

1430
February

Ottoman Expansion

News reaches the Morea that Ioannina has fallen to the Ottomans under Sinan Pasha.

March

The Fall of Thessaloniki

The Ottomans capture Thessaloniki after a prolonged siege, followed by a three-day plunder and the conversion of churches into mosques.

April

Naval Victory over Pirates

During a trade mission to Ragusa, the flagship Kyrenia uses its new cannons to sink a Dalmatian pirate vessel.

May

Sabotage at the Press

A monk named Father Petros, sent by anti-unionist factions in Mystras, is caught attempting to burn the Glarentza printing press.

June

The Scholar Bessarion

The philosopher Plethon and his student Bessarion visit Glarentza; Plethon is invited to stay permanently to guide the cultural renaissance.

1431
Early

Economic Sovereignty

Constantine establishes a new mint in Glarentza to strike gold coins bearing the Palaiologos eagle, asserting economic independence from foreign currencies.

March

A New Pope

Pope Eugene IV (Cardinal Condulmer) is elected, signaling a shift in Roman politics and potential support for the Union of Churches.

Spring

The Warning Strike

Murad II sends Turahan Bey to breach the Hexamilion as a warning; Constantine meets the cavalry in open ground, where pike formations and canister-loaded field cannon shatter the charge in his first true battle, and the survivors chant his name.

Spring

The Seeds of Schism

In the aftermath, Constantine rescues captives the Ottomans abandoned, among them Maria and the radical scholar Iskandar, whose ideas suggest weakening the Ottomans by fracture rather than steel alone.

Late

The Terni Contract

In Italy, Constantine signs a condotta with Francesco Sforza, securing 4,000 elite mercenaries for the defense of the Morea.

Late

The Medici Investment

Constantine secures a massive 20,000 gold florin investment from Cosimo de’ Medici to expand printing operations across Europe.

1432
Early

The Road Ambush

Following Thomas’s wedding, Constantine’s convoy is ambushed by Theodore’s agents; Captain Andreas identifies the attackers as Theodore’s soldiers.

April

The Siege of the Hexamilion

Sultan Murad II launches a massive assault on the Hexamilion Wall, which is successfully repelled by Constantine’s combined-arms tactics.

April

The Capture of Athens

Following the victory at the wall, Constantine captures Athens; the Greek population revolts and kills the pro-Ottoman Duke Antonio Acciaioli.

Summer

The Reorganization of Mystras

Constantine formally assumes control of Mystras and establishes the Tachis Ippos, a rapid horse-relay postal system.

Late

The Great Betrayal

In a palace coup in Constantinople, Theodore and Demetrios assassinate Emperor John VIII; Demetrios then betrays and murders Theodore to seize the throne as an Ottoman puppet.

1433
January

The News Reaches the Morea

Diocles Argyropoulos arrives in Glarentza with news of the coup, prompting Constantine to claim the imperial title.

Early April

Coronation in Mystras

Constantine is formally crowned Emperor of the Romans in the Church of Saint Demetrios, rejecting Demetrios’s demand for fealty.

April

The Capture of Zakynthos

Constantine launches an expedition to Zakynthos, seizing the island from Tocco’s remnants and appointing Stylianos as its Orthodox bishop.

May

The Northern Offensive

Constantine launches a major campaign into Thessaly with 12,000 men to aid the Albanian revolt and secure a buffer zone.

June

The Blinding at Livadeia

After capturing the fortress of Livadeia, Constantine orders the blinding of the Ottoman prisoners as a psychological warning to other garrisons.

September

The Battle of Domokos

In a decisive field engagement, Constantine’s modernized army defeats Sultan Murad II’s main host, forcing the Sultan to retreat northward.

Map of the 1433 northern campaign and the Battle of Domokos
The 1433 northern campaign, culminating at Domokos.
September

Kings Take Notice

Constantine returns in triumph to Glarentza after Domokos; congratulations and pledges arrive from Rome, Buda, Venice, Burgundy, and Florence, and he resolves to negotiate with the Pope in person.

October

The Voyage West

The fleet sails for Rome from Glarentza.

Late

A Cardinal Choice

In Rome, Bessarion is offered elevation to the College of Cardinals; Constantine counsels him to accept.

Late

The Eagle and the Keys

Pope Eugene IV pledges a crusading bull, papal gold, and a galley squadron, reports Sigismund's promise of 30,000 men, and proposes a Burgundian child-betrothal to Agnes of Cleves.

1434
Palm Sunday

Proclamation at Buda

Emperor Sigismund publicly proclaims a new crusade against Murad II, invoking Domokos.

Spring

The First Palaiologian Reformation

Constantine reorganizes the army into six mixed-arms Tagmata, naming Andreas Arxistratigos field commander and Laskaris Admiral.

Imperial soldiers reorganized into Palaiologian mixed-arms Tagmata
The First Palaiologian Reformation, 1434.
May

The Crusade Marches

The crusader host departs Serbia and pushes south, racing to link with Constantine before Murad can concentrate.

Summer

The Homecoming of Skanderbeg

Gjergj Kastrioti slips home to Albania and pledges his sword to the wider war.

Summer

The Iron Gate

Sigismund forces the Vardar but is killed at Demir Kapija; Hunyadi retreats with a remnant and the old crusading order collapses.

Late Summer

The Fall of Thessaloniki

With the Venetian–Papal fleet sealing the gulf, Constantine recovers Thessaloniki.

Autumn

The Field of Fire

At the Battle of Edessa, Constantine's thin line and rotating musket fire shatter Murad's host; the Sultan charges to his death rather than flee.

Autumn

The Silence After Thunder

Murad II's body is washed, shrouded, and returned under seal; the army marches on, an age of Ottoman invincibility broken.

1435
Early

A Match for the Realm

Constantine declines the Burgundian child-match and accepts Đurađ Branković's offer of his daughter Katarina to secure the succession.

Spring

A Forge for War

Luca and Elias perfect seamless, steel-bored gun barrels at the Glarentza arsenal.

Late May

The Wedding

Katarina Branković arrives by Ragusan convoy and is married to Constantine at Glarentza amid cannon salutes and a multilingual crowd.

Summer

Down the Masters

An uprising flares in Ottoman Dobruja under the agitator Iskander, the first fruit of the Ieros Skopos seeded abroad.

1436
Spring

The City Lost From Within

Demetrios admits an Ottoman garrison "to keep order"; it seizes the gates, barracks, and harbor, confines the Empress Helena, and reduces him to a paper emperor.

Spring

The Kingmaker's Bargain

Orhan, a fugitive Ottoman claimant, reaches Glarentza and offers to split the empire if Constantine backs his bid for the sultanate.

July

To Recover the Queen of Cities

At Clermont, Constantine commits to retaking Constantinople, naming Skopje, as the campaign's first hinge.

Late August

On the Vardar Road

The imperial host leaves Thessaloniki and pushes up the Vardar.

September

The Fort at Skopje

Skopje's defenders strip the lower town and pull into the Kale; Constantine breaches the thinner town-side wall and takes the fortress.

Early October

The Smoke of Sofia

The army reaches Sofia through scorched fields and fouled wells, the Ottomans burning and poisoning everything they cannot carry.

Late October

The Zlatitsa Pass

Constantine storms an Ottoman barricade choking the rain-soaked pass, seizing the heights on both ridges to open the road into Thrace.

Ottoman barricade in the rain-soaked Zlatitsa Pass
The Zlatitsa Pass, 1436.
November

The Crossing in the Fog

Under fog on the Maritsa, Lieutenant Markos's rope team seizes the Ottoman-held bank under arrow-fire to anchor the guide line for the army's crossing.

Imperial soldiers crossing the Maritsa under fog and arrow fire
The Maritsa crossing in the fog, 1436.
November

Winter Lock-In

After hard fighting, Constantine takes Philippopolis and digs in through the cold, disease thinning the ranks.

1437
Late March

The Siege of Edirne

Halil withdraws the main Ottoman army east toward Constantinople with the boy Sultan, leaving Karaca Bey to hold the city; the army crosses the Maritsa, the defenders burn their own palace rather than surrender, and after a four-day bombardment Constantine storms Edirne street by street.

Map of the northern campaign of 1436–1437, from Skopje and Sofia through the Zlatitsa Pass to Edirne
The northern campaign, 1436–1437 — the drive on Edirne.
Late March

The Strait Shut

Admiral Laskaris runs the imperial fleet through the Dardanelles and meets the Ottoman squadron off Gallipoli. The Katarina opens her broadside and breaks the enemy line with chain shot; the Ottoman fleet scatters back toward the peninsula, the strait now held. Gallipoli itself stays in Ottoman hands behind its towers and shore guns, but the channel is closed, and no army in Anatolia can cross to relieve the City. Prince Thomas peels off for Galata to reach Constantinople ahead of the assault.

Imperial and Ottoman fleets clashing off Gallipoli in the Dardanelles
The Battle off Gallipoli, 1437.
Early April

The City Recovered

Constantine storms the walls at Blachernae and the sea wall at Petrion; Constantinople is Roman again. The Empress Helena and Prince Thomas are found alive, Halil is found dead, the boy Sultan flees to Anatolia, and the liturgy is served once more in Hagia Sophia.

Map of the Siege of Constantinople, 1437, showing the besieging camps and the city's walls, gates, and hills
The Siege of Constantinople, 1437.